Steering System

Electronic Power Assist Steering (EPAS) System

The Electronic Power Assist Steering (EPAS) system consists of the following components:

• Power Steering Control Module (PSCM) — the PSCM controls the functions of the EPAS system and communicates with other modules that are on the High Speed Controller Area Network (HS-CAN) bus. The PSCM is attached to the RH side of the EPAS gear assembly and is not available separately for service.
• Motor — the EPAS gear uses a 12-volt reversible motor to control the steering effort. The motor is connected to the steering rack by a toothed belt and a pulley/bearing assembly. The motor is used by the PSCM to move the rack inside the gear housing. Motor position is used to determine steering wheel angle/position instead of using a separate sensor. The motor is attached to the RH side of the EPAS gear assembly and is not available separately for service.
• Steering shaft torque sensor — the steering shaft torque sensor is used by the PSCM to determine how much force the steering wheel is being turned. The sensor sends out 2 signals, one for left and one for right. When the steering wheel is turned to the left, the left signal increases while the right signal decreases, likewise when the steering wheel is turned to the right, the right signal increases while the left signal decreases. This allows the PSCM to determine if the driver intends to go left or right in order to spin the motor in the appropriate direction. The sensor is mounted near the input shaft of the EPAS gear assembly and is not available separately for service.
• Inner tie rod — one inner tie rod is located at each end of the EPAS gear assembly and is available separately for service. Refer to Section 211-02 .
• Outer tie rod — one outer tie rod is located at each end of the EPAS gear assembly and is available separately for service. Refer to Section 211-02 .
• EPAS gear bellows boot — one bellows boot is located on each side of the EPAS gear assembly. Each boot is held in place with 2 boot clamps. The boots and clamps are available for service, refer to Section 211-02 .

The EPAS system utilizes a rack-and-pinion type steering gear. Power assist is provided by a motor that is connected to the steering rack by a belt and a pulley and bearing assembly. The steering gear and motor/module are serviced as an assembly. A new steering gear includes inner tie rods, however, the inner and outer tie rods can also be serviced separately. For information on tie-rod end service, refer to Section 211-02 .

Active Park Assist

Some vehicles equipped with EPAS may also be equipped with active park assist. The active park assist system is controlled by the Parking Aid Module (PAM) and, when activated, can detect a parking space and steer the vehicle into the space by sending commands to the EPAS gear (the driver still controls the throttle, brakes and transmission). The active park assist system is comprised of several systems/modules that work together to aid in parallel parking maneuvers, the presence of certain DTCs in any of those systems/modules may either keep the active park assist system from being enabled or may disable the system if currently being used. Refer to Section 413-13C for detailed information on active park assist.