Steering System

Special Tool(s)

	Flex Probe Kit 105-R025D or equivalent
	Fluke 77-IV Digital Multimeter FLU77-4 or equivalent
	Vehicle Communication Module (VCM) and Integrated Diagnostic System (IDS) software with appropriate hardware, or equivalent scan tool

Principles of Operation

Electronic Power Assist Steering (EPAS) System

The Electronic Power Assist Steering (EPAS) system provides power steering assist to the driver by replacing the conventional hydraulic valve system with an electric motor coupled to the steering rack by a toothed belt. The motor is controlled by the Power Steering Control Module (PSCM) that senses steering effort/use through the use of a torque sensor which is mounted near the input shaft of the steering gear. Steering assist is provided in proportion to the steering input effort and vehicle speed.

The EPAS system requires a 12-volt, hot at all times feed for system operation. The PSCM is activated when power is applied to the hard-wired ignition/run input. After activation, the PSCM monitors the High Speed Controller Area Network (HS-CAN) bus to determine if the vehicle is operating in a manner capable of supporting the EPAS system.

Once this is determined, vehicle speed sent by the PCM over the HS-CAN bus, steering shaft speed and direction sent by the torque sensor and steering wheel angle/position determined by the motor position all provide the necessary information for the PSCM to determine the amount or level of assist provided by the EPAS system.

Assist is primarily based off of vehicle speed. As vehicle speed increases, the amount of assist provided by the system is decreased to improve and enhance road feel at the steering wheel. As vehicle speed decreases, the amount of assist provided by the system is increased to ease vehicle maneuvering. If the vehicle speed is missing or out of range, the PSCM defaults to a safe level of assist for all driving conditions. If the vehicle speed returns to the correct in-range values, the PSCM will adjust the level of assist accordingly. Steering wheel/shaft speed, torque and direction information will allow the PSCM to determine how much assist is needed to turn the wheels right and left.

The PSCM is self-monitoring and has the capability of setting and storing DTCs. Depending on the DTC set, the control module will enter into a "safe mode" of manual steering. In addition, the PSCM may send a request to the Instrument Panel Cluster (IPC) module over the HS-CAN bus to display a message in the message center to alert the driver of a potential EPAS concern.

Active Park Assist

When the active park assist system is enabled, the Parking Aid Module (PAM) will utilize ultrasonic sensors to locate and measure a parking space. Once a parking space is identified by the system and chosen by the driver, the PAM will then send steering command messages to the PSCM over the HS-CAN bus. The PSCM will utilize steering angle information transmitted by the Steering Angle Sensor Module (SASM) over the HS-CAN bus and wheel speed information transmitted by the ABS module over the HS-CAN bus to actuate the steering system as requested by the PAM .

Any driver inputs via the steering wheel will deactivate the active park assist system. Also, the presence of certain DTCs in the PSCM and/or ABS module will disable the system or keep the system from being activated. Refer to Section 413-13C for information on the active park assist system.

Interactive Diagnostics

For diagnosing and testing please refer to the on-line Workshop Manual. If you do not have an on-line subscription, go to www.motorcraftservice.com.